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Table 1 The three inquiry-based activities

From: Teacher views on inquiry-based learning: the contribution of diverse experiences in the outdoor environment

 

Scientific practices

Social structure

Examples of activities

Ecology investigation

Sociological investigation

Archeological investigation

Preparation (online)

Asking questions

Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Planning and carrying out investigations

Individual

Analyzing maps

Reading abstracts of social science studies and identifying their characteristics

Reading about the differences between history and archeology

Reading an excavation report to learn about methods

Group

Reading background materials on ecological methods and suggesting initial research questions

Designing the group’s study: data collection instruments

Reading about the villages, summarizing the information in a collaborative presentation, and asking inquiry questions to study one or both villages

Arranging findings by archeological periods

Field investigation

Planning and carrying out investigations

Individual

Guided observation on the ecological investigation site

Meeting with community representatives and getting background information

Archeological survey

Archeological excavation

Group

Identifying interesting phenomena and refining the questions; asking more questions and discussing hypotheses; describing the area, photographing

Consistent measuring of abiotic and biotic factors

Collecting data using questionnaires, interviews, and observations in the communities

Photographing and documenting the village environments

Logging the data in a collaborative database

Photographing and documenting

Wrap-up (online)

Analyzing and interpreting data

Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Constructing explanations.

Engaging in argument from evidence

Group

Comparing habitats, quantitative graphical representations

Writing conclusions

Creating a collaborative e slide presentation

Identifying cultural characteristics, conflicts, identities

Designing scientific poster or a conference abstract to communicate results

Using typological map to arrange the artifacts

Data analysis and writing explanations

Designing and making a video-clip to present the twofold study

Individual

Critiquing other groups’ presentations and writing feedback (peer review)

Writing reflections based on prompts

Peer review of the abstracts and posters

Writing reflections based on prompts

Peer review of the video-clips

Writing reflections based on prompts